Hyaluronic acid was first isolated and described in 1934 from the vitreous body of bovine eyes. The first in vitro synthesis was carried out in 1964. The name hyaluronan comes from the Greek word hyalos, meaning “glass,” referring to its transparent, glass-like appearance.
In this article, we will answer the frequently asked question: What is hyaluronic acid? We will also explore its properties and benefits.
What Exactly Is Hyaluronic Acid?
Hyaluronic acid (HA) belongs to a group of compounds called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are large molecules made of repeating sugar units. It is composed of two types of sugars: D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, linked together in a specific way.
Hyaluronic acid is a component of the extracellular matrix, meaning it is found in the space between cells as well as in tissues such as skin, cartilage, joints, and eyes. Thanks to its ability to bind large amounts of water, it plays a key role in maintaining hydration and tissue elasticity.
It is a natural substance with the same chemical structure in humans, other vertebrates, and some bacteria. In living organisms, it usually occurs as sodium hyaluronate.
The average amount of hyaluronic acid in an adult human body is about 15 grams, with roughly half found in the skin.
Properties of Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in our body. Its key properties include:
- Moisturizing effect – binds water, acting as an excellent hydrator for the skin.
- Tissue regeneration – plays a vital role in wound healing and tissue repair.
- Anti-inflammatory action – useful in managing inflammatory conditions.
- Joint protection – an essential component of synovial fluid, acting as a lubricant and shock absorber in the joints, reducing discomfort in joint disorders.
- Nutrient transport – supports the delivery of nutrients to cells, improving overall tissue health.
Because of these properties, hyaluronic acid is widely used in cosmetics, aesthetic medicine (e.g., dermal fillers), and orthopedic treatments. Recently, dietary supplements containing hyaluronic acid have gained popularity, as they may help hydrate the skin from within and improve joint flexibility.
Hyaluronic Acid – What Are Its Benefits?
Hyaluronic acid is an extremely versatile compound that plays a key role in many biological processes in the body. Its unique properties make it not only a common ingredient in many cosmetic products but also a subject of numerous scientific studies on supplementation.
What are the benefits of hyaluronic acid? Here is how it works in the body:
Skin hydration and wrinkle reduction - Study by Asserin et al. (2015)
In this study, participants were orally supplemented with hyaluronic acid for 12 weeks at a daily dose of 120 mg. The goal was to improve skin hydration and elasticity. After 12 weeks, a significant improvement in both hydration and elasticity was observed, suggesting that regular HA intake positively affects skin health. Additionally, enhanced elasticity and firmness may reduce the appearance of wrinkles.
Joint health - Study by Kalman et al. (2008)
This study evaluated hyaluronic acid supplementation in alleviating joint pain. Participants took 80 mg of hyaluronic acid daily for 4 weeks. Results indicated reduced joint pain and improved joint function, pointing to the benefits of short-term hyaluronic acid supplementation in joint issues.
Tissue regeneration and wound healing - Study by Litwiniuk et al. (2016)
This research examined the effects of hyaluronic acid on tissue regeneration, particularly in wound healing. Supplementation lasted from 3 to 6 months, administered either topically or orally depending on the condition. The duration varied based on the type and location of the tissue damage and the therapeutic goal.
Eye protection (support in dry eye syndrome)
Studies on oral supplementation, such as “Oral hyaluronic acid supplementation improves symptoms and tear film stability in dry eye patients”, confirmed that hyaluronic acid taken orally brings relief to individuals suffering from dry eyes.
It is also worth emphasizing that research on hyaluronic acid - its effects and optimal supplementation strategies - is still ongoing. Scientists continue to explore its potential in new applications while seeking to better understand its mechanisms of action. For this reason, as science advances, we can expect further discoveries that may have a positive impact on our health and well-being.
Best Ways to Take Hyaluronic Acid
How to Take Hyaluronic Acid? Hyaluronic acid is a popular ingredient in dietary supplements and cosmetics, valued for its moisturizing properties and support for joint health. To get the most benefit from its use, it is important to understand the appropriate doses and forms in which it can be taken. Here’s how to use hyaluronic acid effectively.
Recommended Dosage:
The most commonly recommended doses of hyaluronic acid in supplements range from 100 to 250 mg per day. However, it is always advisable to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines before starting supplementation.
Supplement Form:
Hyaluronic acid is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, powders, and liquid formulations. The choice of form can depend on individual preferences.
Timing of Intake:
Hyaluronic acid supplements can be taken with or without food. Some studies suggest that taking them with meals may improve absorption.
Safety of Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid supplementation is generally considered safe for most people. However, like any supplement, it may cause side effects or interactions in some individuals. Scientific literature provides growing evidence of the beneficial effects of hyaluronic acid on health, but individual responses may vary.
Can Hyaluronic Acid Be Combined with Vitamin C?
Absolutely! Both of these ingredients offer potential health benefits. Moreover, combining hyaluronic acid with vitamin C can support skin hydration and overall well-being. In addition, they may work synergistically: vitamin C supports collagen synthesis, and hyaluronic acid also plays an important role in this process.
Hyaluronic acid may also influence collagen production in the joints. In studies on osteoporosis, where oral hyaluronic acid supplementation was used, improvements were observed in collagen production within cartilage tissue. According to a 2015 study published in Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, hyaluronic acid can stimulate chondrocytes (cartilage cells) to produce collagen and proteoglycans, which significantly supports cartilage regeneration.
To answer the question “How should hyaluronic acid be supplemented?” - the best results come from combining it with vitamin C and collagen. This combination promotes better absorption and supports both skin health and joint function.
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